Furnace.



1. s. Titnuev;

FURNACE.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 6. I911.

Patented June 11, 19l&

2 SHEETS-SHEET I Q Inc/aw;

I. S. T|ERNEY.

FURNACE.

Armcmou mm m. 6. 1911.

Patnted June 11, 19111 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2- F BROOKLYN, NEW Y0, ASSIGNOE T0 AMERICAN SHOP EUIP- 60,015 GHIGAGG, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented June 11, 1918.

Application filed February 6, 1917. Serial No. 146,919.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES S. TIERNEY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Brooklyn, inthe county of Kings and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to improvements in furnaces employing oil as fuel such as crude petroleum or any other suitable fuel oil.

It is highl desirable in. furnaces employing oil as fi iel, es ecially where metallic bodies are subjects to heat therein, that provision be made for producing perfect combustion of the fuel before it reaches the heating chamber, in order that heated gases only, as distinguished from gases containing uncombined carbon or oxygen, enter the heating chamber, and furthermore that the furnace be so constructed that this effect may be accomplished by as compact a structure as possible not only because of the saving in expense in constructing the furnace but also because of the economizing of the space occupied by the furnace.

A furnace in which the abovereferred to features are presented and the above referred to results are accomplished, is illustrated and described in U. S. Letters Patent 80 1,130,306 granted to Waldo G. Lunger,

March 2, 191.5, and while. this furnace operates very efi'ectua-lly under normal conditions of use, it has been found that where the furnace is operated to its maximum ex- 86 tent, it becomes overheatedto an objectionable degree, sometimes burning out the furnace.

My object is to provide a novel, simple, economical, compact and highly serviceable 40 construction of furnace of the general type illustrated in said Letters Patent and which will operate in the manner above described and by which the full benefit of the heat units in the fuel may be obtained.

It may be further stated that in the furnace of the said patent wherein the streams of air, one or' both of which carry a stream of fuel oil, are directly opposed in the sense that the streams of air are in alinement with each other, the effect is to cause a more or less disk shaped body of flame-to be thrown out in all directions in a vertical. plane at the juncture of the opposed streams, the marginal edges of this. body of flame being as intensely hot. This body of flame projects in one direction against the rear wall of the initial combustion chamber and at its opposlte edge extends toward the heating chamber impinging against the upper andf lower walls of the passage leading to the heating 60 chamber, at which walls the maximum heat of the furnace obtains, the flow of burning 'ases to the heating chamber to perform the notion of heat treating the materials to be operated on in the furnace, being effected at least principally by the expansion of the gases which in acting against the rear wall of the furnace cause burning gases to flow into the heating chamber. As a consequence the burning gases are retained in the pri- W mary combustion end of the furnace an undue length of time, causing the furnace to be unduly subjected to heat and, by reason of pushing, so to speak, against the rear wall of the prima combustion chamber are caused to eddy 1n this chamber wherein carbon is accumulated sometimes to an objec tionable degree and one of my objects is to avoid the occurrence of such conditions.

Referring to the accompanying drawings so Figure 1 is a. view in horizontal plan section of a furnace constructed in accordance with my invention, designed for-heating metallic bodies therein, the section being taken at the line 1 on Fig. 2 and viewed in the g5 direction of the arrow. 7 Fig. 2 is a section taken at the line 2 on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrow;

Figs, 3 and 4 are sections taken at the lines 3 and 4: respectively on Fig. 2 and viewed in the direction of the respective arrows; and Fig. .5 is an, enlarged broken. sectional view-taken at the line 5 on Fig. 2 and-'viewed as inthe direction of the arrow.

In constructing a furnace in accordance with the preferred embodiment of my invention, where metallic bodies are to be subjected to heat, I provide a heating chamber, represented at 6 into which the articles to be treated by the heat are introduced as through the opening 7 in a side wall of this chamber. Opening into the heating chamber 6 is a passage 8 which preferably widens out at its end farthest from the chamber 6 as indicated at 9, the rear wall of this passage being three sided as represented at 10, 11 and 12, the side 11 being substantially at right angles to the median no line of the passage 8 and the sides 10 and 12 extending preferably at equal angles to the said median line and converging rearwardly, the angle at which these two walls extend relative to each other being slightly less than a 90 angle and which has been found to be desirable construction inpractice. The forward edges of the walls 10 and 12 are 10- cated at the broadest portion of the passage 8 and from these points the walls of the latter converge for a slight distance as by providing them of the rounded contour as shown at 13.

The furnace is formed of refractory material, such as fire brick suitably positioned to present the chamber and passage referred to, the whole being incased in a metal shell 14,

As will be hereinafter more fully explained the greatest heat produced by the introduction of fuel into the furnace as hereinafter described occurs in the passage 8 wherein all of the oil is volatilized, and this has led to the formation of the body of the furnace of such construction that should the intense heat in this part of the furnace burn out the roof of the passage 8, it may be readily repaired at relatively slight expense, very quickly, and without tearing down a substantial part of the furnace. This is accomplished in the construction illustrated by supporting the roof 15 of the heating chamber 6 and which is shown in the form of an arch, from a block 16 which bears at its opposite ends upon the sections 17 and 18 of the end wall 19, the wall 19 being recessed as indicated at 20 between the portions 17 and 18 at opposite sides of the passage 8, to receive a block 21 of refractory material, which merely serves as a roof for the chamber 6 and which may be readily removed without disturbing the superposed parts of the structure, in the event that it is desired to re lace it with another block. The roof of t e passage 8 at the left hand side of Figs. 1 and 2, or in other words beyond the wall 19, is formed of a block or slab 22 which is merely set into place and which may be readily removed to permit of the removal of the block 21 through this end of the furnace.

@pening" into the enlarged portion 9 of the passage 8, through the walls 10 and 12, and preferably at substantially equal distances from the top and bottom of the passage 8, are pipes 23 and 2% which counicate with an air supply. These ipes 23 and 24 are so arranged as shown t at they incline at an angle to each other slightly greater than 90 and each is equidistant from and extends substantially at the same angle to the median line of the furnace, the purpose being, as hereinafter more fully described, to cause jets of air introduced into the passage 8 through the pipes 23 and intense I 2% to impinge against cachother with substantially equal force. In the construction illustrated the pipes 23 and 24 open into a valve casing 25 containing a'valve 26 which communicates at its open end 27 with a pipe 28 leading from any suitable source of air passage 8 from opposite sides thereof in substantially equal proportions.

The fuel oil is introduced into the passage 8, according to my'invention, through either one or both of the pipes 23 and 24c. In the construction illustrated, provision is made for introducing the oil into the furnace through both of the pipes 23 and 24, and to this end pipes 30, adapted to be connected with a source of supply of any suitable fueloil, and preferably having a needle-valvecontrolled discharge-orifice, project into the pipes 23 and 24: in line therewith, it being preferred that the supply of oil with which the pipes 30 are connected be under a pressure suficient to feed the oil in the proper amounts as conditions require.

It is desirable in carrying out my invention in the preferred manner, to cause the,

fluid under pressure entering the passage 8 through the pipes 23 and 2%, to be under substantially equal pressure in these. pipes, which will cause the streams of fluid under pressure entering the passage 8 from opposite directions, to impinge against each other at a point substantially midway between the side walls of the passage 8.

The operation of the furnace in so far as the construction has been described is as follows: Assumiugthe valve 26 to be open, air will enter the passage 8 at opposite sides thereof, through the pipes 23 and Y24:, the air in passing through these pipes atomizing the oil from the ipes 30 and becoming mixed therewith. T e oil is ignited for lighting the burners in any suitable manner, as ty introducing burning waste into the passage 8. y

The eifect of opposing burning streams of oil and air mixed therewith, or a burning stream of oil and air and a stream of air only, with these streams converging in a direction toward the heating chamber and causing these opposed streams to impinge against each other, is to not only thoroughly mix the oil and air, but also to produce such retarding of the burning oil that it will be thoroughly volatilized before reaching the heating chamber 6 and thus will be free of uncombined oxygen and carbon upon entering the heating chamber, and at the same and thus streams of'air dischar sage into which the -may be stated that the angle the back-eddyingof gases, with consequent accumulations of carbon in the as-' fuel is introduce is avoided. I

In building a furnace in accordance with my invention, I am enabled to produce a structure of the maximum compactness from a commercial standpoint, the move-.

ment of the burning oil through the passage 8 into the chamber 6 being sufliciently retarded by reason of the opposed streams entering the passage 8 to insure the volatilization of the oil before it enters the chamber 6, even where the passage 8 is relatively short, In addition to the advantages he'rembefore, stated, which arise fromthe angular disposition of the streams of fluid under pressure entering the passage 8, it vertical dimension of the mass of flame presented by the united streams, considera streams are in direct line with each other as in the case of the said patent, and thus the upper and lower walls of the passage leading to the heating chamber, are not subjected to as intense heat as in the case of the construction of the said patent.

It is desirable, in connection with a furnace structure employing streams of fluid under pressure one or both of which carry oil and which impinge against each other and in so impinging unite and form a mass of flame, that means be provided for rotecting from the heat, as far as possible, the walls of the passage through which the united stream asses and which are transversely dispose to the plane of the greatest dunenslon of the stream, Means suitable for this purpose are disclosed in the drawings', these means comprising inlets 31 and 32 in the rear wall 33 of the assage 8, for fluid under pressure, s'uchas a1r, introduced into these inlets through a pipe 34 leading to any suitable source of air under pressure. The lnlets 31' and 32 are preferably of the tapering form shown, their bottom and top walls respectively converging 'rearwardly Where they'meet substantially. at the point at which the air discharges from the pipe 34, whereby the stream of air discharging from this pipe isdivided, a part being deflected upwardly and a part downwardly e agalnst the upper and the lower walls of t e assa e 8, the inlets 3.1 and 32 where-they ect y inlets 31 and 32, top.. and bottom walls of the passage 8 and v ly less than where the with oil .in either or both said passage from opposite directions for open into the passage 8 being preferably in the form of narrow horizontal slits as shown in Fi 4. The air or other fluid under pressure introduced into the passage 8 fromthe thus sweeps against the serves to prevent them from becommg heated to as great a degree as they would be if the fluid under pressure were not supplied as stated. v

While I have shown the pipes 23 and 24 as disposed at a certain angle to each other,

I do not wish to be understood as intending to limit my invention to an arrangement wherein theseparts are disposed at the angles shown as this is not necessary to the carrying out of the invention; and while I have shown and described my invention as applied to a furnace for subjecting metallic bodies to heat, I do not wish to be understood as intending to limit it to its use in this connectionas it may many other kinds of furnaces without departing from, the spirit of my invention, furthermore I do not wish to be understood asintendin to limit my invention to the particular form of construction shown, as the same may be variously modified and altered without departing from the spirit of my invention, it being my intention to claim my invention as fully and completely as the prior state of the art. will permit.

be employed in What I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is 1. In an oil-burning furnace, the combination with a heating chamber for receiving the material-to be treated, of means for effecting the complete volatilization of the I means in said openings for feeding streamsof air and oil theret rough into said passage to cause said streams to impinge against each other in said enlargement and to converge therefrom into said contracted portion, whereby said streams are retarded in their traverse to the heatin chamber and the complete volatilization o the heatmg fluid is e'fiected before the same enters sald chamber.

2. In an oil-burnin furnace, the combination of a heating 0 amber for receiving the material to be heated, an oil-volatilizmg passage communicating with said chain- 7 for causing streams of air, thereof, to enter her and means impingement a inst each other, and: convergm in a irection for forcing them throu said passage and into said eating cham r, the

whole being constructed and terior of the zone occupied by the material,

and means for directing fluid under pressure between the united streams, and a wall of said assage.

3. 11 an oil-burning furnace, the combination of aheating chamber for receiving the material to be heated, an oil-volatilizing passage communicating with said chamber and means for causing streams of air, with oil in either or both thereof, to enter said passage from opposite directions for impingement against each other, and converging in a direction for forcing them through said passage and into said heating chamber, the whole being constructed and arranged to completely volatilize the oil exterior of the zone occupied by the material, and means vfor directing fluid under pressure in the same general direction as that in which said united streams move, between said united streams and a wall of said passage.

4:- In an oil-burning furnace, the combination of a heating chamber for receiving the material to be heated, an oil-volatilizing passage communicating with said chamber and means for causing streams of air, with oil in either or both thereof, to enter said passage from opposite directions for impingement against each other, and converging in a direction for forcing them through said passage and into said heating chamber, the whole being constructed and arranged to completely volatilize the oil exterior of the zone occupied by the material, and means for directing fluid under pressure between the united streams and opposed walls of said passage.

5. In an oil-burning furnace, the combination of a heating chamber for receiving the material to be heated, an oilvolatilizing passage communicating with said chamber incense and having an enlargement, and means for causing streams of air, with oil in either or rection for forcing them through said passage and into said heating chamber, the whole being constructed and arranged to completely volatilize the oil exterior of the zone occupied by the material, and means for directing fluid under pressure. between the united streams and a wall of said passa e.

6. In a furnace the combination of a chamber, a passage in a wall of said chamher and opening into the latter, the roof of said chamber being supported from the till said wall, with a recess in said wall and with the roof spanning said recess, and a rootforming section for said passage lo cated, and supported, insaid recess to be removable and replaceable therein.

7. In a furnace, the combination of a chamber, a passage communicating with said chamber, means for causing streams of air with fuel in either or both thereof,

to enter said passage from opposite directions for impingement against each other and converging in a direction for forcing them through said passage and into said chamber, the wall of said chamber in the the rear of the point at which said streams impinge, containing an opening with a bridge at said opening, the upper and lower surfaces of which converge in a direction away from the movement of the streams through said passage, and means for directing fluid under pressure through said opening, whereby the fluid sweeps against the upper and lower surfaces of said passage, for the purpose set forth,

JAMES S. TIE'RNEY.

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